change source.list
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/ubuntu/
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在 Ubuntu 24.04 之前，Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件使用传统的 One-Line-Style，
路径为 /etc/apt/sources.list；
从 Ubuntu 24.04 开始，Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件变更为 DEB822 格式，
路径为 /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources。
24.04 LTS # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse # 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换 deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ noble-proposed main restricted universe multiverse |
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23.04,之前旧版本的源已不再更新，皆使用新版本 # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lunar-security main restricted universe multiverse # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ lunar-proposed main restricted universe multiverse |
Types: deb URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports Components: main restricted universe multiverse Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释 # Types: deb-src # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu # Suites: noble noble-updates noble-backports # Components: main restricted universe multiverse # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg # 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换 Types: deb URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ Suites: noble-security Components: main restricted universe multiverse Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg # Types: deb-src # URIs: http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ # Suites: noble-security # Components: main restricted universe multiverse # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg # 预发布软件源，不建议启用 # Types: deb # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu # Suites: noble-proposed # Components: main restricted universe multiverse # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg # # Types: deb-src # # URIs: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu # # Suites: noble-proposed # # Components: main restricted universe multiverse # # Signed-By: /usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg |
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安装程序被锁定，重启也不管用时执行以下操作 sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock-frontend sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend apt update gcc软件包 sudo apt install build-essential apt install cmake apt install net-tools vim pkg-config git ntpdate alsa-utils libxft-dev curl apt install libxinerama-dev libcairo-gobject2 libpango1.0-dev libpangoxft-1.0-0 libpangocairo-1.0-0 libxcursor-dev libcairo2-dev libbz2-dev apt-get install libx11-dev libxext-dev libxtst-dev libxrender-dev libxmu-dev libxmuu-dev apt-get install libaio-dev tcl tk expect libldap2-dev libsasl2-dev apt-get install libssl-dev #openssl apt-get install p7zip-full apt-get install unixodbc unixodbc-dev apt-get install libmysqlclient-dev apt install daemonize fontconfig sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-table-wbpy # 小企鹅五笔输入法 sudo apt-get install fcitx-googlepinyin # 小企鹅拼音输入法 软件卸载 $ sudo dpkg --list |grep baidu ii baidunetdisk 4.11.5 amd64 ii fcitx-baidupinyin:amd64 1.0.1.0 amd64 Fcitx wrapper for Baidu Pinyin IM engine $ sudo apt-get --purge remove baidunetdisk
视频播放
sudo apt-get install vlc
sudo apt-get install mpv
sudo apt-get install mplayer
sudo apt-get install smplayer
如果是视频学习，则推荐smplayer，可以设置播放速度，快捷键]，每次增加10%的播放速度
可以后退，可以一次后退10秒，1分钟等
apt-get install libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev \
gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good \
gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly \
gstreamer1.0-libav libgstrtspserver-1.0-dev libges-1.0-dev
apt-get install libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev
视频录制
SimpleScreenRecorder sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:maarten-baert/simplescreenrecorder sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install simplescreenrecorder 设置开始结束快捷键：Alt+X 录制结束后，点击一下 "Save recording" 录制出来的视频非常大...
Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop The latest LTS version of Ubuntu, for desktop PCs and laptops. LTS stands for long-term support — which means five years of free security and maintenance updates, guaranteed until April 2027.
Ubuntu 23.04
https://ubuntu.com/download/desktop The latest version of the Ubuntu operating system for desktop PCs and laptops, Ubuntu 23.04 comes with nine months of security and maintenance updates, until January 2024. Recommended system requirements are the same as for Ubuntu 22.04 LTS.
查看uuid
blkid root@ai:~# blkid |grep 56d2 /dev/sda2: UUID="ae7fc523-4434-4543-a4c7-89890f4556d2" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4" PARTUUID="2b41b80d-02" root@ai:~# cat /etc/fstab |grep 56d2 UUID=ae7fc523-4434-4543-a4c7-89890f4556d2 /var ext4 defaults 0 2
ubantu安装python3 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sudo apt install python3.9 # version 3.7.3-1, or sudo apt install python2.7 # version 2.7.16-1 sudo apt install python-minimal # version 2.7.16-1 ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /bin/python 或 更改默认值，谁的值高谁优先 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 100 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 150 或者按各自版本设定顺序 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2 2 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 2 用到哪个时，再设为100 sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 100 pip安装注意区别python2与python3 apt install python-pip apt install python3-pip Ubuntu Docker 简易安装 ------------------------------------------------------------------- sudo apt-get update sudo apt install docker.io systemctl unmask docker.service systemctl unmask docker.socket systemctl start docker.service sudo systemctl start docker sudo systemctl enable docker docker -v 数据库安装 ======================================================== mysql ------------------------------------------------------------------- sudo apt-get install mysql-server 修改配置文件 vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] server-id = 100 # 不限制具体数值 log_bin = mysql-bin binlog_format = row character-set-server=utf8 需要以root用户启动 /etc/init.d/mysql start mysql -uroot -p Enter password: 默认密码为空 用户创建 create user 'automng'@'%' ; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'automng'@'%' identified by 'Automng_123' WITH GRANT OPTION; create user 'automng'@'127.0.0.1' ; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'automng'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'Automng_123' WITH GRANT OPTION; create user 'automng'@'localhost' ; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'automng'@'localhost' identified by 'Automng_123' WITH GRANT OPTION; flush privileges; create user 'root'@'127.0.0.1' ; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456' WITH GRANT OPTION; flush privileges; /etc/init.d/mysql restart mysql -uautomng -pAutomng_123 alias root="mysql -uroot -p123456" redis ------------------------------------------------------------- sudo apt-get install redis-server vim /etc/redis/redis.conf # bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1 bind 0.0.0.0 /etc/init.d/redis-server start redis-cli 127.0.0.1:6379> mongodb ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- sudo apt-get install mongodb vim /etc/mongodb.conf bind_ip = 0.0.0.0 /etc/init.d/mongodb start netstat -tunlp |grep mongo tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 16750/mongod /etc/init.d/mongodb restart # mongo MongoDB shell version v3.6.8 connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017 cetons https://www.imooc.com https://www.imooc.com/article/22072
网络不好时，最好配置一个国内的ubantu源,此次安装Ubantu20.04.4
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
使用ubuntu-drivers工具检测可用的NVIDIA驱动，并安装推荐的驱动：
ubuntu-drivers devices
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall
root@ai:~# nvidia-smi
Tue May 7 10:25:43 2024
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 535.171.04 Driver Version: 535.171.04 CUDA Version: 12.2 |
|-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU Name Persistence-M | Bus-Id Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan Temp Perf Pwr:Usage/Cap | Memory-Usage | GPU-Util Compute M. |
| | | MIG M. |
|=========================================+======================+======================|
| 0 NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4070 ... Off | 00000000:01:00.0 Off | N/A |
| N/A 47C P3 12W / 55W | 1MiB / 8188MiB | 3% Default |
| | | N/A |
+-----------------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes: |
| GPU GI CI PID Type Process name GPU Memory |
| ID ID Usage |
|=======================================================================================|
| No running processes found |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
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ubantu sudo 免密码 ------------------------------------------------------------ # cat /etc/sudoers.d/xt %xt ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL echo '%xt ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/xt ubantu开机执行脚本 # crontab -e @reboot ( sleep 30 ; bash /opt/scripts/os_init.sh ) 不锁屏 --------------------------------------- settings-->Privacy-->Automatic Screen Lock--> OFF 或者 下三角-->个人用户--> UNLOCK 添加用户并修改其属组 adduser bml root@kl:~# sudo usermod -g xt bml root@kl:~# id bml uid=1001(bml) gid=1000(xt) groups=1000(xt) echo '%bml ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' > /etc/sudoers.d/bml
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ubantu20 ssh安装 sudo apt install openssh-server sudo service ssh status sudo service ssh restart systemctl status ssh.service
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远程服务器为root@px-asia-3.matpool.com，SSH端口为29825，需要将远程的11434端口挂载到本地的11435端口。
ssh -L 11435:localhost:11434 root@px-asia-3.matpool.com -p 29825
可以使用以下命令实现SSH端口转发并以后台方式运行：
ssh -L 11435:localhost:11434 root@px-asia-3.matpool.com -p 29825 -N -q
netstat -tuln | grep 11435
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远程
ssh-keygen -t rsa
$ sudo su - root
# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys .ssh/authorized_keys2
# 出现Permission denied (publickey)时，进行如下设置，打通密钥之前还是需要密码来验证的
PermitRootLogin yes
PasswordAuthentication yes
重启远程服务器或者重启ssh服务
密钥文件传送完毕后，再将下面两项关闭，后续使用密钥文件更安全一些
PermitRootLogin no
PasswordAuthentication no
本地
ssh-keygen -t rsa ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub remoteuser@remoteip ssh-copy-id 命令的作用： scp id_rsa.pub文件到远程，并将之加入authorized_keys， 远程服务器.ssh目录没有authorized_keys文件时，会先创建
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install samba
设置要共享的目录
创建一个要共享的目录，并设定权限
sudo mkdir /home/share
sudo chown -R xt:xt /home/share/
文件追加
sudo vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[share]
comment = xt share
path = /home/share
browsable = yes
writable = yes
设置访问密码 sudo smbpasswd -a xt 重启服务 sudo service smbd restart 如果重启失败，可查看日志，再根据日志中的错误信息搜索解决方案 tail -f /var/log/samba/log.smbd
右击我的电脑 -- 网络映射器 -- 浏览
通过 SSH 文件传输协议(SFTP)挂载远程的文件系统
sshfs安装,客户端安装 sudo apt install sshfs 打通ssh，后面要用基于ssh的秘钥认证 客户端创建挂载目录 mkdir -p /opt/www/web73 客户端挂载远程的文件系统 sshfs txip:/opt/www/web73 /opt/www/web73 添加开机启动脚本 , 注意任务要加在打通ssh的用户下 $ cat /opt/scripts/os_init.sh #!/bin/bash sshfs txip:/opt/www/web73 /opt/www/web73 $ crontab -e @reboot ( sleep 30 ; bash /opt/scripts/os_init.sh )
dd if=/dev/zero of=./swap1 bs=20M count=1024 dd if=/dev/zero of=./swap2 bs=20M count=1024 mkswap ./swap1 mkswap ./swap2 chmod 600 ./swap1 chmod 600 ./swap2 swapon ./swap1 swapon ./swap2 vi /etc/fstab /opt/swap1 swap swap defaults 0 0 /opt/swap2 swap swap defaults 0 0 swapoff ./swap1
这里有个前提，网络是互通的；如果是windows安装的虚拟机，那么最好有一个桥接模式的网卡，就可以保证网络互通了 root挂载 mount -t cifs -o username=Administrator,password=******,vers=2.0,dir_mode=0777,file_mode=0777,gid=0,uid=0 //192.168.35.220/tpf /opt/tpf 普通用户挂载 xt@xt:/opt/tpf$ id xt uid=1000(xt) gid=1000(xt) groups=1000(xt),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),122(lpadmin),134(lxd),135(sambashare) sudo mount -t cifs -o username=Administrator,password=******,vers=2.0,dir_mode=0777,file_mode=0777,gid=1000,uid=1000 //192.168.35.220/tpf /opt/tpf
进入用户时挂载共享目录
$ cat .bashrc
if [ ! -f "/opt/tpf/soft/ai_func.tar.gz" ];then
sudo mount -t cifs -o username=AS,password=Tanpf_410u,vers=3.0,dir_mode=0777,file_mode=0777,gid=1000,uid=1000 //192.168.1.133/tpf /opt/tpf
fi
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adduser liu
xt@xt:/opt/tpf$ adduser liu
Adding user `liu' ...
Adding new group `liu' (1001) ...
Adding new user `liu' (1001) with group `liu' ...
Creating home directory `/home/liu' ...
Copying files from `/etc/skel' ...
New password:
Retype new password:
passwd: password updated successfully
Changing the user information for liu
Enter the new value, or press ENTER for the default
Full Name []:
Room Number []:
Work Phone []:
Home Phone []:
Other []:
Is the information correct? [Y/n] Y
添加sudo权限 vim /etc/sudoers.d/liu %liu ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
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sudo addgroup -g 1006 groupname
sudo groupdel groupname
用户添加到组内
sudo adduser py1 xt
或
usermod -a -G xt py1
sudo adduser py1 root
$ id py1
uid=1003(py1) gid=1003(py1) groups=1003(py1),0(root),100(users),1001(xt)
删除用户user2
userdel user2
usermod -a -G xt py1
chmod 764 file1 chmod 777 -R dir sudo chmod -R 764 aitpf/ sudo chmod -R 777 aitpf/ |
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下载 https://jdk.java.net/java-se-ri/11 cd /opt/app tar -xvf openjdk-11+28_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz mv jdk-11/ jdk11 root@ai1:~# vim /etc/profile export JAVA_HOME=/opt/app/jdk11/ export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$CLASSPATH export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH root@ai1:~# source /etc/profile root@ai1:~# java --version openjdk 11 2018-09-25 OpenJDK Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11+28) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11+28, mixed mode)
ubantu20 俄语输入法安装
设置 --> Region & Language
--> Manage Installed Languages
--> Install / Remove Languages
--> 勾选 Russian
--> 安装小企鹅五笔输入法（因为本人用五笔，所以是在这个输入法基础上用的Russian）,
sudo apt install fcitx fcitx-table-wbpy
小企鹅也有拼音输入法，比如
sudo apt-get install fcitx-googlepinyin
--> Manage Installed Languages，原来选择ibus的地方改为fcitx4
--> 重启电脑右上角会出现一个键盘，选择configure
--> 点击+号，添加 Keyboard-Russian
--> 点击键盘图标，选择Input Method
--> Keyboard-Russian
这样就安装好俄语输入法了，аоуэы
如果操作下来后，出现了Keyboard-Russian ，但键盘输入的依然是英文，重启一次电脑，
然后再多等待一会就好了，比如等上1小时...
ubuntu挂载windows下的文件目录的步骤